Assignment 1 - C# and Dotnet Tools

Due Date: 04th Nov 2024

1. List the Client Scripting Languages? Explain?

Client scripting languages are programming languages that run in a user's web browser, allowing for dynamic interaction with web pages. They enable developers to create responsive, interactive experiences without needing to constantly communicate with the server. Here are some of the most common client scripting languages:

1. JavaScript:
   • Description: JavaScript is the most widely used client-side scripting language. It allows developers to create interactive elements on web pages, such as form validation, animations, and dynamic content updates without needing to reload the page.

2. HTML (with embedded scripts):
   • Description: While HTML itself is not a programming language, it is essential for structuring web content. Client-side scripts, often JavaScript, are embedded within HTML documents to enhance functionality.

3. CSS (with animations):
   • Description: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is primarily used for styling web pages but can also include animations and transitions that enhance user interaction.

4. VBScript:
   • Description: VBScript is a scripting language developed by Microsoft, primarily used in Internet Explorer. It's less common today due to the decline of IE and the rise of standards like JavaScript.

5. TypeScript:
   • Description: TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that adds static typing. It is compiled to JavaScript, allowing developers to catch errors at compile time and improve code maintainability.

6. Dart:
   • Description: Dart is an open-source language developed by Google, primarily used for building mobile, desktop, and web applications. It can be compiled to JavaScript for client-side use.

2. What is .NET Framework?

.NET Framework is a software development framework for building and running applications on Windows. (1) It's developed by Microsoft providing a runtime environment and a set of libraries and tools for building and running applications on Windows operating systems. The framework includes a variety of programming languages, such as C#, F#, and Visual Basic, and supports a range of application types, including desktop, web, mobile, and gaming applications. (2)

3. What is VB.NET?

The VB.NET stands for Visual Basic. Network Enabled Technologies. Visual Basic is an object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft. Using Visual Basic makes it fast and easy to create type-safe .NET apps. (1) It is a multi-paradigm, object-oriented programming language, implemented on .NET, Mono, and the .NET Framework. The VB.NET language is designed in such a way that any new beginner or novice and the advanced programmer can quickly develop a simple, secure, robust, high performance of web, windows, console, and mobile application running on .NET Framework. (2)

4. Explain the Web Technologies with example?

Web Technology refers to the various tools and techniques that are utilized in the process of communication between different types of devices over the Internet. A web browser is used to access web pages. Web browsers can be defined as programs that display text, data, pictures, animation, and video on the Internet. Hyperlinked resources on the World Wide Web can be accessed using software interfaces provided by Web browsers. (1)

• HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
  • HTML is the standard markup language for creating web pages. It structures the content on the page.
• CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
  • CSS is used to style HTML elements, allowing developers to change the look and feel of a website.
• JavaScript
  • JavaScript is a programming language that enables interactive web pages. It runs in the browser and can manipulate HTML and CSS.
• Front-End Frameworks
  • Frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js help build dynamic user interfaces by simplifying the development process.
• Back-End Technologies
  • Back-end technologies handle server-side operations. Examples include Node.js, Python (with Flask or Django), Ruby on Rails, and PHP.
• Databases
  • Databases store and manage data for web applications. Common types include relational databases (like MySQL, PostgreSQL) and NoSQL databases (like MongoDB).

5. Explain the Advantages and Disadvantages of Client-side and Server-side Technologies

• Client-side

  • Advantages

    • Allow for more interactivity by immediately responding to users’ actions.
    • Execute quickly because they do not require a trip to the server.
    • Are reusable and obtainable from many free resources.

  • Disadvantages

    • Not all browsers support scripts, therefore, users might experience errors if no alternatives have been provided.
    • Different browsers and browser versions support scripts differently, thus more quality assurance testing is required.

• Server-side scripts

  • Advantages

    • User can create one template for the entire website
    • Generally quicker to load than client-side scripting
    • User is able to include external files to save coding.
    • User does not need to download plugins like Java or Flash.

  • Disadvantages

    • Many scripts and content management systems tools require databases in order to store dynamic data.
    • It requires the scripting software to be installed on the server.

6. Explain the C# Tokens with one example for each

A c# program is basically collection of tokens.

There are five tokens in C#.

• Keywords
  • These are reserved words which are saved for existing things by the language.
  • Example: event, extern, null, etc
• Identifiers
  • Identifier is a name that we give to objects, classes, methods, variables, etc to identify them.
  • Example: hello, a, b, variable1, etc
• Literals
  • Literals are how values in a variable are shown.
  • Types:
    • Numeric literal
      • Integer literal
      • Real literal
    • Boolean Literal
    • Character Literal
      • Character Literal
      • String literal
    • Example: true is a boolean literal
• operators
  • Operators are symbols used to describe operations between one or more operands
  • Example: + for addition
• punctuators.
  • These are used to seperate, group and format the code.
  • They help in defining the shape of the program
  • Also Known as Seperators
  • Example: ; (semicolon)

MSDotnet.co.in

7. Explain the OOP Concept in C#.

C# is an object-oriented programming language. The four basic principles of object-oriented programming are:

• Abstraction:
  • Modeling the relevant attributes and interactions of entities as classes to define an abstract representation of a system.
• Encapsulation:
  • Hiding the internal state and functionality of an object and only allowing access through a public set of functions.
• Inheritance:
  • Ability to create new abstractions based on existing abstractions.
• Polymorphism
  • Ability to implement inherited properties or methods in different ways across multiple abstractions.

Microsoft Learn

8. Define Inheritance and write the types with neat diagram and explain one program

Inheritance is an OOP Concept where we define a class based on another class while bringing over the properties and more from the previous class.

In C#, there are 4 types of inheritance:

• Single inheritance:
  • A derived class that inherits from only one base class.
• Multi-level inheritance:
  • A derived class that inherits from a base class and the derived class itself becomes the base class for another derived class.
• Hierarchical inheritance:
  • A base class that serves as a parent class for two or more derived classes.
• Multiple inheritance:
  • A derived class that inherits from two or more base classes.

Program:

using System;

// Base class
class Animal {
    public void Speak() {
        Console.WriteLine("Animal speaks");
    }
}

// Derived class (Single Inheritance)
class Dog : Animal {
    public void Bark() {
        Console.WriteLine("Dog barks");
    }
}

// Derived class (Multi-level Inheritance)
class Puppy : Dog {
    public void Whine() {
        Console.WriteLine("Puppy whines");
    }
}

class Program {
    static void Main() {
        Puppy puppy = new Puppy();
        puppy.Speak(); // Inherited from Animal
        puppy.Bark();  // From Dog
        puppy.Whine(); // From Puppy
    }
}

• Animal is the base class.
• Dog inherits from Animal (Single Inheritance).
• Puppy inherits from Dog (Multi-level Inheritance).

GeeksForGeeks

9. Explain the control structures with syntax and flow chart

C# offers three types of control statements:

• Selection Statements
  • This consists of if, else, switch, and case branching.
• Iteration Statements
  • This consists of do, for, foreach, and while looping.
• Jump Statements
  • This consists of break, continue, return, and goto statements.

TODO: explanation and programs

FreeASPHosting

10. List the data types of C# programming

Data Type	Size	Description
int	4 bytes	Stores whole numbers from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
long	8 bytes	Stores whole numbers from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
float	4 bytes	Stores fractional numbers. Sufficient for storing 6 to 7 decimal digits
double	8 bytes	Stores fractional numbers. Sufficient for storing 15 decimal digits
bool	1 bit	Stores true or false values
char	2 bytes	Stores a single character/letter, surrounded by single quotes
string	2 bytes per character	Stores a sequence of characters, surrounded by double quotes

Geeks For Geeks

11. Explain the different types of lists tags with example program

12. Explain types of operators with example of each

13. What is the difference between client side and server-side programming?

14. List the features of C# and explain

15. List the features of VB.NET and explain

16. Write a basic structure of an HTML program

17. List the different types of languages supported in .NET Framework

18. Define try and catch block with an example program

19. Explain different types of arrays in c#

20. Explain Mutable and Immutable strings in c#

21. Explain about Interfaces

Source:

• Questions - given by faculty